Digital literacy in the university setting: A literature review of empirical studies between 2010 and 2021.

The impact of digital devices and the Internet has generated various changes at social, political, and economic levels, the repercussion of which is a great challenge characterized by the changing and globalized nature of today's society. This demands the development of new skills and new learning models in relation to information and communication technologies. Universities must respond to these social demands in the training of their future professionals. This paper aims to analyze the empirical evidence provided by international studies in the last eleven years, related to the digital literacy of university students, including those pursuing degrees related to the field of education. Our findings highlight the fact that the digital literacy that is offered in universities to graduate/postgraduate students, in addition to treating digital literacy as a central theme, also focuses on perceived and developed self-efficacy. This is done by strengthening competencies related to digital writing and reading, the use of databases, the digital design of content and materials, and the skills to edit, publish or share them on the web, or applications aimed at treating digital literacy as emerging pedagogies and educational innovation. Secondly, we found studies related to digital competencies and use of the Internet, social networks, web 2.0, or the treatment of digital risks and their relationship with digital literacy. Thirdly, we found works that, in addition to focusing on digital literacy, also focused on different psychological constructs such as motivation, commitment, attitudes, or satisfaction. Systematic review registration: https://www.scopus.com/home.uri; https://www.recursoscientificos.fecyt.es/.

Writing self-efficacy changes after cognitive strategy intervention in students with learning disabilities: the mediational role of gender in calibration.

This study examines the mediational role of gender in the effects of two patterns of cognitive and self-regulatory strategy interventions in the writing self-efficacy calibration of students with learning disabilities (LD). 121 5th and 6th Primary grade students with LD (43 girls and 78 boys), ranging in age from 10 to 12 years old were randomly allocated either to one of the experimental intervention groups, (n=48, 19 girls and 29 boys), and followed a intervention program based on the Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model, or they received training based on the Social Cognitive Model of Sequential Skill Acquisition (n=31, 15 girls and 26 boys), or alternatively they were allocated to the ordinary instruction group (n=32, 9 girls and 23 boys). Writing performance was assessed using two types of writing evaluation: a reader-based score concerned with structure, coherence and quality, and a text based score regarding productivity, coherence and structure. Writing self-efficacy beliefs were also assessed using a self-report scale including eight items about the students' confidence in completing a writing task and to gain specific writing skills. The results suggest that the miscalibration of writing self-efficacy in girls with LD was significantly modified to a more realistic calibration of their writing competence after experimental intervention. However, the findings do not confirm the same clear statement for boys.

Writing Self-efficacy Changes after Cognitive Strategy Intervention in Students with Learning Disabilities: The Mediational Role of Gender in Calibration

This study examines the mediational role of gender in the effects of two patterns of cognitive and self-regulatory strategy interventions in the writing self-efficacy calibration of students with learning disabilities (LD). 121 5th and 6th Primary grade students with LD (43 girls and 78 boys), ranging in age from 10 to 12 years old were randomly allocated either to one of the experimental intervention groups, (n = 48, 19 girls and 29 boys), and followed a intervention program based on the Self-Regulated Strategy Development Model, or they received training based on the Social Cognitive Model of Sequential Skill Acquisition (n = 31, 15 girls and 26 boys), or alternatively they were allocated to the ordinary instruction group (n = 32, 9 girls and 23 boys). Writing performance was assessed using two types of writing evaluation: a reader based score concerned with structure, coherence and quality, and a text based score regarding productivity, coherence and structure. Writing self-efficacy beliefs were also assessed using a self-report scale including eight items about the students’ confidence in completing a writing task and to gain specific writing skills. The results suggest that the miscalibration of writing self-efficacy in girls with LD was significantly modified to a more realistic calibration of their writing competence after experimental intervention. However, the findings do not confirm the same clear statement for boys (AU)

Este estudio examina el papel mediacional del género en los efectos de dos patrones de intervenciones de estrategias cognitivas y auto-reguladoras en la calibración de la autoeficacia escritora de alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje (DA).Se asignaron al azar a 121 alumnos de educación primaria de 5º y 6º con DA (43 chicas y 78 chicos), edades entre 10 y 12 años, o a uno de los grupos de intervención experimental (n = 48, 19 chicas y 29 chicos), y recibieron un programa de intervención basado en el modelo de desarrollo de estrategia auto-regulada o un entrenamiento basado en el modelo cognitivo de adquisición secuencial de habilidades (n = 31, 15 chicas y 26 chicos), o alternativamente, fueron asignados a un grupo de instrucción normal (n = 32, 9 chicas y 23 chicos). Se evaluó la ejecución de escritura con dos tipos evaluación: una puntuación basada en el lector, ligada a la estructura, la coherencia y la calidad, y una puntuación basada en el texto, ligada a la productividad, la coherencia y la estructura. Las creencias de autoeficacia sobre la escritura también se evaluaron con una escala de auto-informe que incluía ocho ítems acerca de la confianza de los alumnos al completar una tarea de escritura y al ganar habilidades de escritura específica. Los resultados sugieren que la calibración errónea de la autoeficacia de escritura en chicas con DA se modificó significativamente a una calibración más realista de su competencia en escritura después de la intervención experimental. Sin embargo, los resultados no confirman lo mismo para los chicos (AU)

Effectiveness of an improvement writing program according to students' reflexivity levels.

After designing a writing program to enhance students' reflexivity and thus improve their compositions (García & de Caso, 2002a, 2002b), the aim of the research project was to show how reflexivity levels could influence the effectiveness of this program. This writing instruction through reflexivity was carried out with 5th and 6th grade students with learning disabilities (LD) and/or low achievement (LA) during 25 sessions. One hundred participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n=49), which received specific intervention in writing and reflexivity, or the control group (n=51), which simply received the ordinary curriculum. Both groups were assessed on the productivity and quality of their writing composition as well as their attitudes, self-efficacy, and reflexivity towards writing. The results show that coherence and reflexivity improved depending on the level of reflexivity, whereas the relationship with attitudes and self-efficacy is not so clear. Thus, it seems possible to improve LD and/or LA students' compositions by taking their reflexive style into account. Depending on the students' learning style, teachers should use either one or another technique.

Effectiveness of an improvement writing program according to students’ reflexivity levels

After designing a writing program to enhance students’ reflexivity and thus improve their compositions (García & de Caso, 2002a, 2002b), the aim of the research project was to show how reflexivity levels could influence the effectiveness of this program. This writing instruction through reflexivity was carried out with 5th and 6th grade students with learning disabilities (LD)and/or low achievement (LA) during 25 sessions. One hundred participants were assigned to either the experimental group (n = 49), which received specific intervention in writing and reflexivity, or the control group (n = 51), which simply received the ordinary curriculum. Both groups were assessed on the productivity and quality of their writing composition as well as their attitudes, self-efficacy, and reflexivity towards writing. The results show that coherence and reflexivity improved depending on the level of reflexivity, whereas the relationship with attitudes and self-efficacy is not so clear. Thus, it seems possible to improve LD and/or LA students’ compositions by taking their reflexive style into account. Depending on the students’ learning style, teachers should use either one or another technique (AU)

Tras el diseño de un programa de escritura para incrementar la reflexividad del alumno hacia la misma y mejorar así sus composiciones escritas (García & de Caso, 2002a, 2002b), este estudio pretende mostrar cómo los niveles de reflexividad del alumno pueden influir en la eficacia deeste programa. La instrucción en reflexividad hacia la escritura se llevó a cabo con alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje y/o bajo rendimiento, de 5º y 6º de primaria, durante 25 sesiones.Los 100 participantes fueron asignados bien al grupo experimental (n = 49), que recibió el entrenamiento específico, bien al grupo control (n = 51), que sólo recibió currículum ordinario. Ambos grupos fueron evaluados tanto en productividad y calidad de las composiciones escritas como en actitudes, autoeficacia y reflexividad hacia la escritura. Los resultados muestran que no sólo la coherencia de los textos escritos sino también la reflexividad mejora dependiendo del nivel de reflexividad del alumno, mientras que la relación con actitudes y autoeficacia no está tan clara. De este modo, parece posible mejorar las composiciones escritas de los alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje y/o bajo rendimiento teniendo en cuenta el estilo cognitivo de los mismos en nuestras intervenciones. Dependiendo de este estilo cognitivo, los profesores deben usar una u otra técnica (AU)

[Differences in morphological awareness, written composition and vocabulary in children from 8 to 11 years old]. / Diferencias en la conciencia morfológica, la escritura y el lenguaje en función del desarrollo y el nivel educativo del niño.

We present a descriptive study of the differences in the morphological awareness in writing (production and judgement), the written vocabulary and the written composition through the essay task (productivity and quality) in children from 8 to 11 years old. We studied 132 students, from 3rd to 6th primary school, coming from six schools. Data evidence a general pattern of improvement as a function of age, although this change pattern is complex in the morphological awareness and depends on the layer analyzed and on the type of task. Similarly, the written morphological awareness is the best predictor of age group. We discuss the implications for the educational practice, and we explicit the shortcoming of the study and the need to implement instructional and longitudinal studies.

La psicología del desarrollo y de la educación en los últimos quince años de Psicothema / Developmental and educational psychology in Psicothema during the last 15 years

Se hace un análisis de contenido de los últimos quince años de Psicothema a partir de los artículos publicados en la revista con contenidos de psicología del desarrollo y de la educación. Tras registrar y codificar los datos, según los criterios previamente elaborados, se extraen tres tipos de variables: de identificación formal o por criterios externos (autores, procedencia, período, etc.), de clasificación por criterios internos o de contenido (origen y tipo de artículo, metodología de investigación, marcos teóricos de referencia y tematización) y ciclo temporal en la publicación de los artículos. Se identifican 171 artículos, sobre un total de 1.134 (15,08%), en los cuales han participado un total de 337 autores de 52 instituciones y universidades diferentes. Se observa un proceso de participación diversificada de autores y procedencias y de asunción de los estándares internacionales. Se discuten los resultados y se propone la búsqueda de metas adecuadas para los próximos años

A content analysis of 15 years of Psicothema is undertaken based on the papers about developmental and educational contents published by the journal. After registering and coding the data according to previously established criteria, three types of variables are obtained: Formal identification or by external criteria (authors, origin, period, etc.); classification by internal criteria or by content (paper source and genre, research methodology, theoretical approach, and topic); and time period for publication. 171 papers are identified, of a total of 1134 (15,08 %), where a total of 337 authors from 52 differents institutions and universities have participated. We observe an increased process of participation and diversification of author and origins and of assumption of international standards. We discuss the results and propose the searching of appropriate goals for the next years

Intervención en estrategias de revisión del mensaje escrito / Intervention in writing composition strategies

Se presenta una intervención en procesos de revisión del mensaje escrito en un aula de 1° de ESO, ordinaria y de informática (con ordenador), compuesta por 16 alumnos comparada con otros dos grupos (control) que sólo recibieron curriculum ordinario. La intervención consistió en la aplicación de un programa de planificación del proceso y del texto focalizado en los procesos de revisión, durante un curso escolar, una sesión a la semana en horario escolar de Lengua. Se obtiene una mejoría significativa del grupo experimental en productividad y coherencia en la redacción, pero no en la descripción ni en la narración (que requieren menor esfuerzo mental), y en la disposición reflexiva. Los datos sugieren la automatización de 1ª revisión de aspectos mecánicos y aumento del control de los sustantivos, debido posiblemente al uso del ordenador y de lápiz y papel, y por la aplicación minuciosa de las estrategias de revisión indicado por la mejora de la redacción y de la reflexividad hacia la escritura. Se sugiere la necesidad de estudios adicionales más específicos en el diseño de tareas de revisión y de intervención considerando aspectos separados y concretos de la misma (AU)

We present an intervention in writing revision proccesses in a 1st High School classroom, ordinary and computational lessons, composed by 16 students, compared with another two groups (control) whom only received ordinary curriculum. The intervention consisted in the implementation of a process and text planing program focused on revision processes, during a school year, a weekly session into school language timetable. We reached a significative improvement of the experimental group in productivity and coherence in essay task, but not in description nor narration (which require less mental effort), and in reflective disposition. These data suggest that automatization of mechanical aspects of revision and improvement of control of substantive ones, possibly because of computer and pen and pencil uses, and because of the over-exact application of revision estrategies, indicated by essays improvement and writing reflectivity. The need of more specifically additional studies in revision tasks desing and intervention considering its splinter and concrete aspects is suggested (AU)

Diferencias en la conciencia de los procesos psicológicos de la escritura: mecánicos frente a sustantivos y otros / Differences in awareness of writing cognitive processes: substantive vs., mechanical and other, in 8 up to 16 years old students

El estudio persigue evidenciar la conciencia que poseen los alumnos de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la escritura, diferenciando los procesos de alto nivel o sustantivos frente a los de bajo nivel o mecánicos y otros, en función de la edad. Se aplicó un cuestionario abierto, de metacognición hacia la escritura, a 1.968 participantes, de 8 a 16 años. Las respuestas escritas fueron informatizadas y posteriormente codificadas de forma racional y empírica. Se construyó un sistema de categorías, ad hoc, exhaustivo y mutuamente excluyente, de 22 categorías, que al aplicarse se obtuvieron 16.823 frecuencias de categorías. Los resultados indican un aumento de la conciencia de los procesos sustantivos y una disminución de los mecánicos al aumentar la edad. Además, la motivación, autovaloración y eficiencias negativas aumentan con la edad. Se valoran los resultados y su utilidad para la evaluación y la intervención instruccional en la composición escrita, y las limitaciones y perspectivas futuras (AU)

The aim of this study is to know writing cognitive processes awareness in students, differentiating low or mechanical processes versus high or substantive ones, and other, as a function of age. We applied an open written survey, about writing composition metacognition, to 1.688 participants, since 8 up to 16 years old students. Written answers were typed in a word processor, and, after coded in a rational and an empirical way. We built a category system, ad hoc, exhaustive and mutually exclusive, with 22 categories, which when applied, we obtain 16.823 frequencies of categories. Results show a writing processes awareness improvement of substantive ones, and a decrease of mechanics ones, as age improve. Furthermore, negative motivation, self-valuation and efficient, increase with age and grade. We appraise results and their usefulness for writing composition assessment and instructional intervention, and shortcoming and future perspectives (AU)

¿Es posible mejorar la composición en alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje y/o bajo rendimiento sin que cambie la reflexividad hacia la escritura? / Is it possible to improve writing composition in learning disabilities (LD) and/or low achievement (LA) students without changes in reflexivity towrd writing?

Se persigue el poner a prueba la eficacia de un programa de intervención en alumnos con Dificultad de aprendizaje (DA) y/o bajo rendimiento (BR), de composición escrita y de mejora de la reflexividad hacia la escritura. Los datos apoyan las hipótesis de mejoría en el grupo entrenado en productividad y coherencia en sus composiciones escritas y de que las medidas utilizadas para evaluar estos aspectos son sensibles a los cambios tras el entrenamiento. En cambio, no se confirman las hipótesis relativas a la mejoría de la disposición reflexiva en los alumnos entrenados, ni la de la sensibilidad de las medidas utilizadas en detectar cambios en reflexividad (vs., impulsividad) tras el entrenamiento, lo que sugiere la relativa estabilidad del constructo y la necesidad de buscar alternativas más útiles con fines instruccionales para los alumnos con DA y/o BR, en la línea de la autorregulación y metacognición hacia la composición escritura (AU)

Our aim is to test the efficacy of a writing composition and reflexivity training program in LD and/or LA students. Data support hypothesis of improvement in experimental group in writing composition productivity and coherence and that tests used to assess productivity and coherence are sensitive to changes after training. Other way, there is not confirmation about hypothesis related with improvement of reflexive layout in trained students, nor sensitivity of tests used to assess reflexivity (vs., impulsivity) after program training. This suggests the relative stability of this construct and the need for seeking more useful alternatives with instructional propos for LD and/or LA students, in the approach of self-regulation and meta-cognition toward writing composition (AU)